Apparatus for heating freight-cars



` (No Modem 3 sheets-sheet 1. j Y WpP.. BASTMAN. A

APPARATUS FOR HEATING-FREIGHT GARS.; No. 269,189; Patented Dec. 19,1882.

(No Model.)V 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. E. EASTMAN.

. APPARATUS FOR HEATING FREIGHT GARS. 110.269,189. Patented Deo. 19,1882.

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",NITED STATES ATENT WILLIAM E. `EASIMAN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS,vASSIGNOR TO-THE AMERICAN FREIGHT OAR HEATER COMPANY, OF PORTLAND,MAINE.

APPARATUS lH-OR HEATING FREIGHT-CARS.V

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 269,189, dated December19, 1882,

i Application filed August 4, 188:2. (No model.) l

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. EAs'rMAN, acitizen ot1 the United States ot' America, re-

siding at Boston, in the county of Suli'olk and State ofVll/Iassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inApparatus for Heating Freight-Cars; and I dohereby deelare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invcntion,'such aswill ro enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains to makeand use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, a-ndto letters or iigures ot' reference marked thereon, which form a partot' this specitication.

The object ot' myinvention is to provide additionalimprovementstoformerinventions(l'or 4,which Letters Iatent have beengranted to myself, O. HenryKimball, and Charles H. Murch, and numberedand dated as follows: No. zo 247,028, September 13, 1881, No. 248,924,November 1, 1881, and N o. 253,521, February 14, 1.882, thelatterissued'to myself alone,) 'whereby I may keep an even temperature inai'reigh tcar for a given number of days Without the attendanceof afireman, the heat being increased or diminished automatically. it"` anychange of temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the car takes place,and wherebyagreatsaving ot' fuel is accomplished, none being consumed 3oexcept what is absolutely necessary to keep an even temperature insidethe car. I attain these objects by the arrangement and constructionillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters andfigures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Figure 1 is aperspective .view ot' car complete. Fig. 2 is alongitudinal section through line t Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is abottom[nam-showing smoke-pipes and ceiling. Fig. et is a perspec- 4o tive viewof the heater or stove with the governor G and faucet attached thereto.Fig. 5 is a verticalsection of the heater or stove when burning, andalso shows the governor and faucet not in section. Fig. 6 is atransverse section lot' the governor, (through line x a?, Fig. 7,)

showing the wings ofthe valve and the induction port or opemng 16 andthe eduction port or opening 17. Fig. 7 is a vertical section ofv thegovernoin Figa-8 is an end view of the 5o oil-tank, showing itslilling-tubed and `the glass e, Athrough which the height ot'oil in thetank may be ascertained by sight. Fig. 9 is aA transverse horizontalsection of the heater or stove through the line x or, Fig. 5.

The externalappearance of a car built and furnished with a heater inaccordance with my invention is shown in Fig. 1, the only dierence froman ordinary freight-car being the oil-tank b, box or chamber c, andcowls a a.

In Fig. 2,fis the stove or heater inclosed in 6o the box or chamber C. gg are smoke-pipes running in both directions to the ends of the car inspaces formed by the door, the sills, and the ceilin'g` s, Fig. 3,thence upward between theouter wall ot' the ends of the ear anda 6lining, k, which extends across the ends as well as along the sides ofthe car, finally discharging the smoke and gaseous products ofcombustion above the root of the car from the cowls a c. h is astop-cock or faucet for shut- 7o ting oft at will the How of fuel fromthe tank b to the heaterf. Gr is the automatic device or governor forcontrolling the flow of oil. It is shownin detail and in section in Fig.7, and will be more particularly described hereinafter. 7 5 j is thedoor to the heater. 22 are removable Stoppers for allowing the dischargeof soot when the smoke-dues are being cleaned. 7c It' show the insidelining ofthe car, by which airspaces and passages for hot air are formeden- 8o tlrely around the contents ot' the car. n is the tube throughwhich the liquid fuel is supplied from the tank b to the heaterf. o isthe ordinary truss for strengthening the car. 19p are openings orholesthrough theliningk, to allow warm air from between the wallsandlining to enter the` car at about the top level ot" the containedfreight.

In Fig. 3, q q are holes or openings through the outside sills of thecar, to allow warm `air 9o from the duesr r to pass to the spaces formedalong the sides ot' the car by the walls andthe lining 7670, Fig. 2. i"shows the hot-airues which convey the heated air from the chamber c tothe ends andthe sides of the car, the ceiling s having been removed. Atg are seen the smoke-pipes, indicated at` the right-hand end by dottedlines. t t are the ordinary drawbars. t

In Fig. 4, Z is the base of the heater, `forming 10o a drip-pan forsafety. lis the draft-opening above the oil basin or pan, extendingentirely around the flame, which burns in a circle.. 3 is adraft-opening connecting with the drippan and hollow cylinder 5, as willbe more fully described in connection with Fig. 5. is a brass tubesurrounding an iron tube, the two being connected at their upper ends hythe metallic pin 4, leaving the brass or outer tube,

t', free at its lower end to operate the valve by its expansion andcontraction, as is more fully set forth in connection with Fig. 7.

In Fig. 5, Z is the drip-pan. 5 is the inner cylinder ofthe burner, andl0 the outer cylinder. The inside of and the outside of 5 are vturnedtrue, and when they are put together supply for the outer side comes inthrough the clear space 1 9 is a copper rim, or, more properly, theouter half of'a hollow ring. The opening in its center allows the flameto pass to the main part or drum of the heater. 11 is a shallow copperpan, with a threaded hole through the center large enough to allow ot'its being screwed down a little distance upon the outside of cylinder10, which is also threaded for a short distance upon its outer surfaceat its upper end, as is clearly shown in Fig. 5. In other words, theshallow pan 1l has-rising from its center the cylinders 5 and 10, withthe tubular passage between them, and it is held rmly and closely to 10by the threaded ring N., which screws down upon itv after the manner ofa check-nut. Packing may be inserted between this threaded ring orcheck-nut and the pan to preventlcakage ofoil from thepan down theoutside of the cylinder 10. From the surface of this pan the oil burns.There may be nothing but the naked pan; but in practice, for ease instarting a fire, I prefer to use a mat therein of asbestus or othernoncombustible absorbent material. It will, however, be observed thatthis is in no sense a wick, as the oil, is after the tire is wellstarted, ina state of ignition before reaching it, and it does notfurnish fuel to the dame. An annular space, 12,is beneath the oil-pan11, and plays an important part in keeping the heat from the undersideof the pan from being conducted to cylinder 10. This space alsofurnishes a hot-blast to the Haine as it receives cool air throughopenings 3l,`and furnishes hot air to the flame through numerous holesor openings near the periphery of and through the oil-pan 11. 13 is anopening through the bottom ofthe drip-pan to allow of the escape of oilin case ot' accident. Suitable openings through the bottom of chamber cfurnish air for combustion and for circulation in the car. 14 shows theiiame. 15 is an opening for the exit of smoke. There are two of thein,as is shown in Fig. 3.

In Fig. 6, which, as before stated, is a hori- Zontal section of thegovernor Gr, (through line aux, Fig. 7,) 16 shows the induction-openingfor fuel; 17, the eduction-tube opening, and 18 -the valve-stem, in formof a cross.

In Fig. 7, 16 is the induction and 17 the eduction openings for fuel, asshown in Fig. 6. 20 is the valve. 21 is the coil-spring for raising thevalve. 22 is a thin diaphragm of metal, placed over and resting upon thevalve, but not joined thereto. Its function is to make an oil-tightchamber, in which the valve operates. The periphery of this diaphragmrests upon a ring of suitable packing material, 23, and is forced downthereon by the screw-top 32. 24y is the innerer iron tube, and t' theouter or brass tube. 25 is a movable piston of metal inside the irontube 24, extending only a short distance up from its lower end. 26 is ametallic key passing loosely through a vertical slot in the iron tube24, but fitting tightly in piston 25. 27 is a collar at the lower end ofthe brass tube t'. 28 is a check-nut for holding the unequal-expansioncombination in position when -once adjusted, said adjustment beingeffected by screwing the tube 24 to a greater or less extent intoscrew-top 32. l

In Fig. 8, which is an enlarged view of the end of the fuel-tank b, d isthe iilling-tube, and e the gage-glass. v

In Fig. 9, 8 is the stud carrying the deflector 7. 5 is the innercylinder. 6 is the annular space. 10 is the outer cylinder. N is thethreaded check-nut ring. A is the mat, of

non-combustible absorbent material; and 1l is the oil-pan, G thegovernor, and h the faucet .or stop-cock.

The fuel which I use is a liquid hydrocarbon, preferably commonkeroseneoil, and is contained in the cylindrical tank b. The oildescends by gravity through the tube n, stopcock h, and governor G tothe heater f, and isn under control ofthe governor. The distinctivefeature of 'this governor which I claim to be new is that it is notintended to keep the ame of constant volume or intensity, but to vary itaccording to the temperature outside the car. The tube of iron, 24, isrigidly 'fastened to the valvebox and expands upward. The brass tube t',being fastened rigidly to the upper end of the tube'24 by the pin 4,must expand (and to a greater degree than the iron tube) downward. Thisunequal expansion operates the piston 25 by pressure through they'collar 27 upon the key 26, and forces the diaphragm 22 downward. Thisin turn forces the valve 20 nearer its seat and diminishes the ilow ofoil.

roo i IIO- accusa c Contraction, on the contrary, relieves the press? lure upon the diaphragm and valve and allows the spring 2l to open thevalve and increase the flow of f'uel.

If a heater attached -to a car be lstarted when the temperature of theoutside air be at zero, a flame of large volume will be maintained,

because the outside air entering the chamber will so cool the governoras to allow the valve to remain open to almost its full extent; but ifthe car be attached to a train and Vrun to some place Where the Weatheris warmer, the

. volume of llame will be diminished, because the air entering thechamber c will cause an expansion in the governor and reduce thequantity of fuel supplied.

The governor may be located outside the chamber c, but for securityagainst accidental damage l locate it therein, and also for the furtherreason thatadouble action is obtained, for in case of clogging ofthevalve the diminished heat within the heater allows a contraction Whichwill free the valve of an obstruction. I have not shown thevalvelocatedoutside the chamber c, as I have deemed it to beunnecessary.

The distinctive feature of the heater, and one which alone renders itpractical for usein a car or other moving` vehicle, is that it has noWick. Neither is it a vapor-burner. The hydro carbon oil is burned, assuch, from a pan, a part only of the surface, as heretofore setforth,being covered with a non-combustible absorbent matin form of a ring. Asthere is no wick, the jolting of the car doesnot interfere, as is thecase when one is used,in which case the Wick gets out of adjustmentbyreason of being shaken down and by consumption. No trimming of thisburner is necessary, and as it is nota lvapor-burner, special care hasbeen taken in its construction to prevent the vaporization of theliquid.4 fuel before reaching the burning-surface ofthe oil-pan.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secureby Letters VPatent the following:

1. A wickless heater, an automatic governor,and afuel-reservoir,connected with each other by a fuel-supply pipe, the said automaticgovernor being so located as to be beyond the reach of the fire in theheater, substantially as described. r

2. A wickless heater', an automatic governor, and a fuel-reservoir,connected With each other by a fuel-supply pipe, the saidhautomaticgovernor being so located as to beibeyond the reach of thelirein theheater, in combination with the hot-air flues formed by the ooring, theceiling, and thesills of a car,sub stantially as described.

3. An automatic governor, consisting essentially of an unequal-expansionpair or combination and a valve inclosed Within a hermetically-closedvalve-chest, in combination with an elevated reservoir containing liquidfuel, which flows therefrom at a rate determined by the temperature ofthe aforesaid governor.

4. An automatic governor operating by unequal expansion and contractionof certain of its parts, so located with reference to a heater and afuel-reservoir (to neither of which it is connected except by afuel-supply pipe) as to be beyond the reach of the iire in the heaterand subject to currents of air at atmospheric temperature,lsubstantially as described.

5. rlhe unequal-expansion pair, the members of which are attached toeach other and the Whole to the valve-chest, and operating the piston,substantially as described, and for the purpose specified, incombination with an elastic diaphragm, a valve, and a stove or heaterfor burning liquid fuel.

6. A heater or stove for burning liquid fuel Without a wick, incombination With an automatic governor which controls the supply of fuelby the operation of an unequal-expansion pair or combination upon avalve through the medium of an elastic diaphragm, subs'tantially asdescribed.

7. A Wickless stove or heater for burning liquid fuel and not vapor,attached to a movable vehicle, the absence of Wick preventingderangement byjarring, as specified, in combination with an automaticgovernor consisting essentially of an unequal-expansion pair orcombination operating a valve within a hermetically-closed valve-chestthrough the niedium of an elastic diaphragm, substantially as described.

l 8. An automatic governor, consisting essentially of anunequalexparnsion,pair or combination and a valve located Within ahermeti` cally-closed valve-chest, motion being communicated from VSaidunequal-expansion pair to said valve through the medium of anintervening elastic diaphragm, which is attached to neither the valvenor the expansion' pair, substantially as described.

. 9. A wickless stove or heater burning liquid fuel and not vapor,attached to a movable vehicle, the absence of Wick preventingderangernent by jarring, as specified, in combination with an automaticgovernor consisting essentially of an unequal-expansion pair orcombination and a valve Within a hermetically-closed valve-chestconnected with an elevated reservoir containingliquid fuel, which flowstherefrom at a rate determined by the temperature of the aforesaidgovernor, substantially as shown and described.

10. A heater or stove for burning liquid fuel Without a wick, incombination with an automatic governor consisting essentially of anunequal-expansion pair or combination and a valve Within ahermeticallyclosed valve-chestV connected with an elevated reservoircontaining liquid fuel, which flows therefrom at a rate determined bythe temperature of the aforesaid governor, snbstantially as described.ll. A heateror stove for burning liquid fuel without a Wick, incombination with an automatic governor consisting essentially of anunequal-expansion pair or combination andla valve Within ahermeticallywclosed valvechest ICO IIO

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vonnected with an elevated reservoir coutaiuvalve within allermetieally-elosed valve-chest ing liquid fuel, which Hows therefromat a rate operated by an unequal-expansion pair or comlel ermined by tbeaforesaid governor, and the biuation, substantially as described.Vhot-air flues formed by the sills, the floor, and l WILLIAM E. EASTMAN.y, the ceiling of a car, substantially as described. Witnesses:

12. The oil-pan from the surface of which LYMANSPALDING,

the fuel is burned, iu combination with al GEO. N. WATTS.

